Rural banking CAIIB notes – Unit 1
Dear CAIIB Aspirants,
These notes are a part of 2024 CAIIB Video library course of Rural Banking (Elective Paper) by Motivational Banker. These notes are intended to help you prepare better for your CAIIB exam.
These notes are a sample version of the full PDFs prepared by team Motivational Banker.
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UNIT 1
Demographic Features
DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES:
- India’s population has steadily grown since independence.
- The annual increase in population is equivalent to the entire population of Australia.
- Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the United Nation Development Programme (UNDP), measures living conditions worldwide. It is used to assess whether people have a better life compared to the past.
- Due to population pressure on land and agriculture, people migrate to urban areas in search of better opportunities.
Population:
- India’s population history marked by high mortality from famines, diseases, and war.
- High fertility once necessary for population stability.
- Progress achieved: better disease control, monsoon adaptation, increased life expectancy.
- India among world’s most populous countries. Decadal growth rate: Declined from 21.5% to 17.7%.
- Decadal growth rate decline more prominent in EAG states (Empowered action group states viz. Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan & Odisha).
- India currently in stage three of demographic transition.
- Transition from high mortality and fertility to low.
- Crude birth rate at 20.0 in 2018, declining from 2017.
- Crude birth rate Highest in Bihar (26.2), lowest in Kerala (13.9).
- Crude death rate at 6.2 in 2018.
- Infant mortality rate (IMR) declined to 32 in 2018.
- Improving sex ratio at birth (943 in 2011).
- Total fertility rate (TFR) stable at 2.2 in 2017-18.
- Population Pyramids represent complex changes in age structure of the population. In developed countries, the shape of population structure is almost cylindrical instead of a pyramid because of the high life expectancy, low fertility and relatively low population in reproductive age group.
- Developing countries, including India, have more children and young adults. Hence, the shape of population structure is pyramid.
- GDP growth rate over 10.2% during 2001-10. Per capita income doubled.
- Food production growth slightly lower than population growth.
Literacy:
- Literacy means the ability to read, write, and understand information to communicate effectively. It is crucial for personal development, awareness, and skills.
- Literacy Rates in India (2011 Census):
- India’s average literacy rate is 74.04%.
- Kerala has the highest literacy rate at 93.91%, while Bihar has the lowest at 63.82%.
- India improved its literacy rate from 64.80% in 2001 to 74.04% in 2011.
- Female literacy rate increased from 53.7% (2001) to 65.5% (2011).
- Article 30 of the Indian Constitution gives all minorities, the right to establish and administer institutions of their own choice.
- The Constitution of India (u/a 41, 45 and 46 of the Directive Principles of State Policy instructs the state to ensure that all citizens receive free education.
- Article 21 (A) of the Constitution of India was amended to provide free and compulsory education as a fundamental right to all children aged between 6 and 14 years.
- Article 15, 17, and 46 of the Indian Constitution safeguard the educational interests of weaker sections of the society.
- Gender disparity in literacy exists due to lack of education for women and deep-rooted discrimination.
- Government Initiatives:
- Scholarships, free textbooks, and stationery to encourage studying.
- The Mid-Day Meal Scheme was launched by the government in 1995, to provide students free food so as to improve enrolment, attendance, and retention in government schools.
- Samagra Shiksha Program for improving school effectiveness.
- Awareness campaigns to promote education in rural areas.
Sixth Economic Census :
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